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This list contains the most significant emperors and usurpers of imperial Rome up to 400 AD. Last updated 4/15/08. We are slowly adding portraits from a group of about 10,000 photos we've taken of Roman portraits. If you have a specific need for anything not shown here, feel free to email us and we'll check our files. See also our look at craniofacial anthropometry of some Julio-Claudian portraits. |
| Roman emperors and related portraits through the 4th century: |
Updated |
| Julio-Claudian Emperors and their Relatives |
| Augustus | First emperor of Rome - 31 BC - 14 CE | ||
| Livia | Wife of Augustus. Mother of Drusus the Elder and Tiberius by Tiberius Claudius Nero. | ||
| Gaius Octavius | Augustus's father. | ||
| Julius Caesar | Augustus's great-uncle, dictator of Rome. | ||
| Marcus Agrippa | Augustus's son-in-law. | ||
| Julia the Elder | Daughter of Augustus. | ||
| Agrippa Postumus | Son of Marcus Agrippa and Julia the Elder. | ||
| Octavia (the Younger) | Sister of Augustus. | ||
| Mark Antony | Marcus Antonius, Triumvirate member and Octavia's husband. | ||
| Brutus | Caesar's friend and assassin, named as second heir, behind Augustus. | ||
| Cleopatra | Co-ruler of Egypt. Mistress of Caesar. Conquered by Augustus. | ||
| Antonia the Younger | Augustus's niece - daughter of Octavia and Marc Antony, Octavia's 2nd husband. | ||
| Gaius Caesar | Son of Marcus Agrippa and Julia. | ||
| Lucius Caesar | 2nd son of Marcus Agrippa and Julia. | ||
| Marcellus | Augustus's nephew - son of Octavia and Gaius Claudius Marcellus. | ||
| Agrippina the Elder | Daughter of Marcus Agrippa by Julia the Elder. Granddaughter of Augustus. | ||
| Tiberius | 14 - 37 CE | ||
| Drusus the Elder | Brother of Tiberius. Step-son of Augustus. | ||
| Caligula (Gaius) | 37 - 41 | ||
| Agrippina the Younger | Caligula's sister. Daughter of Germanicus. | ||
| Germanicus | Husband of Agrippina the Elder. Father of Caligula. | ||
| Claudius | 41 - 54 | ||
| Nero | 54 - 68 | ||
| Claudia Octavia | Nero's first wife. Daughter of Claudius and Messalina. | ||
| Poppaea | Nero's second wife. | ||
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Civil War and the Flavians |
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| Galba | 68 CE | ||
| Otho | 69 | ||
| Vitellius | 69 | ||
| Vespasian | 69 - 79 | ||
| Titus | 79 - 81 | ||
| Julia Titi | Titus's daughter. | ||
| Domitian | 81 - 96 | ||
| Domitia | Domitian's wife. | ||
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The Adoptive Emperors |
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| Nerva | 96 - 98 | ||
| Trajan | 98 - 117 | ||
| Plotina | Trajan's wife. | ||
| Marciana | Trajan's sister. | ||
| Hadrian | 117 - 138 | ||
| Lucius Aelius | Chosen by Hadrian as his successor. Died before Hadrian. | ||
| Sabina | Hadrian's wife. | ||
| Matidia | Sabina's mother | ||
| Matidia the Younger | Sabina's sister | ||
| Antinous | Hadrian's boyfriend (or "favorite" as they like to say in the Vatican). | ||
| Antoninus Pius | 138 - 161 | ||
| Faustina the Elder | Antoninus's wife. | ||
| Marcus Aurelius | 161 - 180 | ||
| Faustina the Younger | Marcus's wife. Daughter of Antoninus Pius. | ||
| Lucius Verus | 161 - 166 (co-emperor of Marcus Aurelius) | ||
| Lucilla | Wife of Lucius Verus. Daughter of Marcus Aurelius. | ||
| Commodus | 180 - 192 (see also: the Getty Commodus) | 03/14/08 | |
| Crispina | Sister of Commodus. Daughter of Marcus Aurelius. | ||
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Civil Wars - 193-197 |
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| Pertinax | 192 - 193 | ||
| Didius Julianus | 193 | ||
| Manlia Scantilla | Wife of Didius Julianus | ||
| Pescennius Niger | 193 - 194 | ||
| Clodius Albinus | 193 - 197 | ||
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The Severan Dynasty |
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| Septimius Severus | 193 - 211 | ||
| Julia Domna | Wife of Septimius Severus. | ||
| Caracalla (Antoninus) | 211 - 217 | ||
| Plautilla | Wife of Caracalla. | ||
| Geta | 211 | ||
| Macrinus | 217 - 218 | ||
| Diadumenian | 218 | ||
| Elagabalus | 218 - 222 | ||
| Julia Soaemias | Mother of Elagabalus | 03/14/08 | |
| Julia Maesa | Grandmother of Elagabalus and Severus Alexander | ||
| Severus Alexander | 222 - 235 | ||
| Julia Mamaea | Mother of Severus Alexander (Alexander Severus) | ||
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The Soldier Emperors ("Crisis & Decline") |
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| Maximinus Thrax | 235 - 238 | ||
| Maximus | 238 Son of Maximinus | ||
| Gordian I | 238 | ||
| Gordian II | 238 Son of Gordian I | ||
| Pupienus (Maximus) | 238 | ||
| Balbinus | 238 | ||
| Gordian III | 238 - 244 | ||
| Philip the Arab (Philip I) | 244 - 249 | ||
| Otacilia Severa | Wife of Philip | ||
| Philip II | 247 - 249 | ||
| Decius | 249 - 251 | ||
| Herennia Etruscilla | Wife of Decius | ||
| Herennius Etruscus | 251 | ||
| Hostilian | 251 | ||
| Trebonianus Gallus | 251 - 253 | ||
| Volusianus | 251 - 253 | ||
| Valerian | 253 - 260 | ||
| Mariniana | Wife of Valerian | ||
| Aemilianus | 253 | ||
| Gallienus | 253 - 268 | ||
| Salonina | Wife of Gallienus | ||
| Saloninus | 260 Son of Gallienus | ||
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More Soldier Emperors ("Recovery") |
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| Claudius Gothicus | 268 - 270 | ||
| Quintillus | 270 | ||
| Aurelian | 270 - 275 | 03/14/08 | |
| Severina | Wife of Aurelian | ||
| Tacitus | 275 - 276 | 04/18/08 | |
| Florian | 276 | 04/20/08 | |
| Probus | 276 - 282 | ||
| Carus | 282 - 283 | ||
| Numerian | 283 - 284 | ||
| Carinus | 283 - 285 | ||
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The Tetrachs |
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| Diocletian | 284 - 305 | |
| Maximian | 285 - 310 | |
| Constantius Chlorus | 296 - 306 | |
| Galerius | 293 - 311 | |
| Maximinus Daia | 305 - 313 | |
| Severus | 305 - 307 | |
| Maxentius | 306 - 312 | |
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The Constantinian Era |
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| Licinius | 308 - 324 | ||
| Licinius II | Caesar, son of Licinius I | ||
| Constantine | 306 - 337 | ||
| Fausta | Wife of Constantine | ||
| Constantine II | 337 - 340 | ||
| Constans | 337 - 350 | ||
| Nepotianus | 350 | ||
| Constantius II | 337 - 361 | ||
| Julian | 361 - 363 | ||
| Jovian | 363 - 364 | ||
| Valentinian | 364 - 375 | ||
| Valens | 364 - 378 | ||
| Gratian | 367 - 383 | ||
| Valentinian II | 375 - 392 | ||
| Theodosius | 378 - 395 | ||
| Flaccilla | Wife of Theodosius I | ||
| Honorius | 393 - 423 | ||
| Arcadius | 395 - 408 | ||
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The Secessionist Empires |
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| Postumus | 260 - 269 (Romano-Gallic) | 03/07/08 |
| Laelianus | 269 (Romano-Gallic) | |
| Marius | 269 (Romano-Gallic) | |
| Victorinus | 269 - 271 (Romano-Gallic) | |
| Tetricus | 271 - 274 (Romano-Gallic) | |
| Tetricus II | 274 (Romano-Gallic) | |
| Vabalathus | 270 - 272 (Palmyra) | |
| Carausius | 285 - 310 (Romano-British) | |
| Allectus | 285 - 310 (Romano-British) | |
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